Glaucoma is an umbrella term that describes a group of eye disorders that damage the optic nerve, which is important for good vision. It can even lead to blindness if left untreated. it is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight.”
The vision loss is gradual and may go unnoticed until significant damage has occurred. One of the most common causes of optic nerve damage is high pressure in the eye. Glaucoma can affect anyone at any age but it is common in older adults, especially those over the age of 40. This is because in most cases, the effect is so gradual that you might not notice its signs until it has reached a later stage.
It is important to get regular check-ups to avoid eye pressure and if glaucoma is recognised early, you might be able to avoid vision loss. Treatment may include medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. If you suspect you have glaucoma or if you have a family history of glaucoma (parent, relative, or sibling) or have concerns about your eye health, consult an eye doctor immediately to avoid complications.
Glaucoma is an umbrella term that describes a group of eye disorders that damage the optic nerve, which is important for good vision. It can even lead to blindness if left untreated. it is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight.”
The vision loss is gradual and may go unnoticed until significant damage has occurred. One of the most common causes of optic nerve damage is high pressure in the eye. Glaucoma can affect anyone at any age but it is common in older adults, especially those over the age of 40. This is because in most cases, the effect is so gradual that you might not notice its signs until it has reached a later stage.
It is important to get regular check-ups to avoid eye pressure and if glaucoma is recognised early, you might be able to avoid vision loss. Treatment may include medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. If you suspect you have glaucoma or if you have a family history of glaucoma (parent, relative, or sibling) or have concerns about your eye health, consult an eye doctor immediately to avoid complications.
The primary cause of glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve. In most cases, elevated IOP is caused due to a buildup of fluid, known as aqueous humor, that flows throughout the eyes. Usually, a tissue near the intersection of the iris and cornea is where it drains. Another name for this tissue is the trabecular meshwork. The cornea allows light to enter the eye, which is why it is essential to vision.
When the eye makes too much fluid or the drainage system doesn’t work properly, the eye pressure can increase and lead to optic nerve damage. However, the exact mechanisms leading to elevated IOP and subsequent optic nerve damage may vary, depending on the type of glaucoma.
This is the most common form of glaucoma but the exact cause of the disease is not clear as it is associated with a gradual increase in intraocular pressure. In this condition, the drainage angle of the eye remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes less efficient over time.
In this type of glaucoma, the iris bulges causing the drainage angle of the eyes to become blocked. This leads to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure, caused by the aging process, anatomical variations, or a combination of factors.
In this form, optic nerve damage occurs even with normal intraocular pressure. The exact cause is not well understood, but factors such as reduced blood flow to the optic nerve, genetics, and pressure sensitivity may contribute to the problem.
Congenital glaucoma can occur in infants due to abnormalities in the eye’s drainage system. It usually develops either at birth or in the first few years of life.
This glaucoma is associated with other eye conditions or systemic diseases.
Some of the causes of this type include eye injuries, inflammation, certain medications, and conditions such as diabetes.
Major Symptoms |
|
Necessary Health Tests |
|
Treatment |
|
At first, glaucoma doesn’t usually have any symptoms which is why half of the people who get affected by the disease don’t know that they have it. Since it shows no typical signs of glaucoma, it is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight.”
The vision loss is gradual and may go unnoticed until significant damage has occurred. However, some symptoms and signs of glaucoma may become apparent. Here are the potential symptoms:
Similar to open-angle glaucoma, it may cause a gradual loss of peripheral vision.
No specific symptoms are unique to normal-tension glaucoma.
It is important to note that the symptoms mentioned here are not exclusive to glaucoma and can be associated with other eye conditions as well. You must go for regular eye examinations, especially for individuals who are at a higher risk of developing these problems.
As mentioned, glaucoma doesn’t show any symptoms. So, it is important to do regular eye exams to detect the problem. The diagnosis of glaucoma may include:
The treatment of glaucoma aims to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent or slow down the progression of optic nerve damage. Common treatment options include:
This is the most common form of treatment. They either increase the drainage of fluid from the eye or reduce the production of aqueous humor to lower intraocular pressure. They are either given in the form of eye drops or pills.
Doctors use lasers to improve the drainage of fluid from the eye, reducing intraocular pressure. It is a simple procedure that won’t take a long time.
Surgery is taken into account when medicines and laser treatment don’t work out. Several surgeries can help with the disease. The most common ones include:
While these treatments can help manage glaucoma, they cannot reverse vision loss that has already occurred. Early detection and treatment are crucial to preventing further damage to the optic nerve and preserving vision.
Timely intervention can help you avoid this risk. The majority of patients affected by glaucoma do not experience blindness. It is possible to avoid the risk with proper treatment and follow-up.
No evidence suggests that excessive use of digital technology can lead to glaucoma. However, one must refrain from looking at the screen all day as it can lead to vision problems.
Someone with glaucoma may have to go for regular checkups every week or month, depending on the severity of the case. Glaucoma screening is recommended once a year for those above the age of 40 years, and those with family history.