Internet Gaming Disorder: How a video game addiction can harm mental health

A recent case in India has drawn attention to Internet Gaming Disorder, which has been listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization. A 12th grade student was recently allowed to sit for an improvement exam by the Bombay High Court, after the teenager was noted to be suffering from IGD, which is marked by excessive gaming in the digital world. Video gaming can often begin as an innocent pursuit, and it may grow into being a relentless necessity for many youngsters. This transformation disrupts daily routines, pulling people away from meaningful interactions and personal growth.

What is Internet Gaming Disorder?

It is a pattern of gaming behavior characterised by impaired control over gaming, which is given more priority over other activities. It is given so much importance that gaming takes precedence over other interests and daily activities despite having negative consequences, according to WHO. Much like other behavioral addictions, IGD traps people in a cycle of dependency, says psychologist Dr Rituparna Ghosh. The prevalence of IGD in different parts of the world is estimated to be between 0.2 and 8.5 percent, according to a 2016 research published in the Industrial Psychiatry Journal.

What are the symptoms of Internet gaming disorder?

The symptoms of IGD can manifest in the following ways:

• The individual’s thoughts are dominated by gaming, even during moments that should be filled with learning, family time, or relaxation.
• When unable to play, they experience irritability, anxiety, and restlessness.
• Over time, they need to spend longer hours gaming to achieve the same level of excitement and satisfaction, often sacrificing essential activities like sleep and meals.
• Despite numerous promises to themselves or loved ones, they find it increasingly difficult to limit their gaming time.
• They lose interest in activities that once made them happy, as gaming takes precedence.
• They continue to game despite clear negative consequences, such as declining academic performance, strained relationships, and health issues due to lack of sleep or food.
• Internet gaming becomes a primary escape from real-life problems, stress, or emotional pain, providing a temporary refuge but no real solution.

What are the causes of Internet gaming disorder?

There is limited research on the causes of IGD, but here are possible reasons why people may suffer from this disorder:

1. Psychological factors

The need for escapism, a sense of achievement, or social connection can drive individuals towards excessive gaming, says Dr Ghosh. In the virtual world, they might find rewards, recognition, and a sense of belonging that feels elusive in real life.

2. Social factors

A lack of supportive relationships and a desire to feel accepted can push people toward online gaming communities. There they feel more valued and understood than being with people outside the virtual world.

3. Biological factors

Some people might have a genetic predisposition or brain chemistry that makes them more susceptible to addictive behaviors, says the expert. This factor influences their response to gaming.

4. Environmental factors

Some people grow up in an environment where screen time is unregulated and gaming is often used as a means to keep busy. This can contribute to developing excessive gaming habits.

Are depressed people more prone to have IGD?

People with underlying mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety, are especially vulnerable to developing Internet gaming disorder, says Dr Ghosh. For someone battling depression, gaming often serves as a temporary escape from overwhelming feelings of inadequacy and loneliness. The immersive nature of games offers a sense of purpose and accomplishment, providing an emotional refuge from real-world challenges. However, this seemingly safe haven can turn into a trap, exacerbating underlying issues and creating a cycle of dependency.

How to diagnose IGD?

Diagnosing Internet gaming disorder involves a comprehensive evaluation process:

1. Personal reflections

Detailed discussions with a psychologist serve as the first step in uncovering the extent of the gaming behavior. They provide a safe and non-judgmental space for people to reflect honestly on their habits and their impact on various aspects of life.

2. Measuring impact

Standardised questionnaires and scales are used to measure the severity of the gaming addiction, says the expert. These help people see the gravity of their situation, often providing a sobering wake-up call.

3. Voices from loved ones

Inputs from family, and friends are gathered to offer a fuller picture of the individual’s gaming habits and their real-life effects. Hearing loved ones express their concerns can be an emotional experience.

4. Holistic understanding

Assessing co-occurring disorders, such as depression, and anxiety, ensures a holistic understanding of the individual’s mental health. This comprehensive evaluation uncovers deeper emotional struggles that might be contributing to the gaming addiction.

How to treat IGD?

Treatment for IGD usually involves the following methods:

1. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

Cognitive behavioral therapy helps people recognise and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. Through CBT, they can learn healthier ways to cope with stress and emotions rather than relying on gaming.

2. Family therapy

Involving family members can create a supportive environment where healthy boundaries can be set, fostering communication and understanding. This collective effort helps to rebuild trust and relationships strained by the addiction, says Dr Ghosh.

3. Behavioral interventions

Implementing structured schedules and time limits for gaming will help people regain control over their habits. Establishing a balance between gaming and other activities can encourage a better-rounded lifestyle.

4. Medication

In cases where underlying conditions like depression or anxiety are present, medication can be prescribed to address these root causes, alleviating some of the emotional burdens. Proper medical treatment can help stabilise mood and reduce the reliance on gaming as a coping mechanism.

5. Support groups

Connecting with others facing similar challenges can provide a sense of community and shared understanding. This collective support can break the isolation and offer emotional encouragement, helping people feel less alone in their struggles.

Internet gaming disorder is a relatively new diagnosis. It can have a negative impact on a person’s life, as they give gaming more preference. Support from family and therapy are some of the ways to treat this condition.